Fluency & Coherence
Some hesitation and repetition; struggles with flow of ideas.
Lexical Resource
Basic vocabulary with limited range; frequent errors.
Grammatical Range & Accuracy
Frequent errors; uses basic structures only.
Pronunciation
May be difficult to understand; basic pronunciation only.
Fluency & Coherence
Speaks with some hesitation but can maintain flow.
Lexical Resource
Fairly good range but with some repetition or inaccuracies.
Grammatical Range & Accuracy
Attempts complex structures with mixed success.
Pronunciation
Generally clear; some mispronunciations.
Fluency & Coherence
Good control but some minor hesitation.
Lexical Resource
Shows flexibility but occasional errors occur.
Grammatical Range & Accuracy
Mix of simple and complex grammar, generally accurate.
Pronunciation
Mostly clear and natural.
Fluency & Coherence
Speaks at length with only occasional hesitation; ideas well connected.
Lexical Resource
Uses a wide range of vocabulary naturally and effectively.
Grammatical Range & Accuracy
Uses complex grammar with few errors.
Pronunciation
Clear pronunciation; occasional lapses don't affect understanding.
Fluency & Coherence
Speaks with complete fluency; ideas flow naturally and effortlessly.
Lexical Resource
Uses idiomatic and colloquial expressions precisely; extensive vocabulary.
Grammatical Range & Accuracy
Rare grammatical errors; wide and flexible use of complex structures.
Pronunciation
Near-native pronunciation; clear and natural intonation and rhythm.
Fluency & Coherence
Fully fluent, effortless, and spontaneous at a native speaker level.
Lexical Resource
Uses vocabulary precisely and naturally in all contexts; idiomatic language used expertly.
Grammatical Range & Accuracy
Mastery of complex grammatical structures with no errors.
Pronunciation
Pronunciation indistinguishable from a native speaker; excellent control of intonation.